Entry 24: What's Your Problem

There are many situations in life that are unfair and many people mistake equality with fairness. Fairness and equality are two completely different things. Fairness is when people are treated without discrimination and treated to the level they deserve. Not everyone deserves the same kind of treatment. Equality is to make everything equal, the same and being fair is not always being equal. For example if someone broke their leg and needed help up some stair and he receives help he is treated nicely and it wouldn't be unfair to other people who don't get any help because they don't have a broken leg. That situation would be fair but not equal. In my year of life I have experience types of unfair situations. The most reoccurring one is of teachers having favorite students and giving them a higher score even though they don't deserve it. Some times I am the one that is the teacher's favorite but many times other are the favorites. For example during history class I had back in my old school we had a essay to write and everyone had only 30 minutes to write it. By the time 30 minutes ran out one kid was still writing, the teacher took away my essay that was near to completion but not quite complete without me being able of asking for more time. Then as she walked over to the one student still writing she stopped next to him and waited until he was completed his essay. Then when the scores came back I received a 70% for in completion and the kid who had extra time received a 95%. Yet when I read his essay it had grammar errors all over the page and spelling errors as well making it unworthy of the 95% and the extra time given by the unfair teacher.

Entry 23: Address an Issue

In my community today there are many issues that effect me, both big and small. Small things would be things such as the late policy because I am not use to being late for school or class so I wouldn't be effect as much. However things such as not being to stay in school after 5:00 pm due to the people that goof around after school effect me greatly. First of all I like spending time after school to socialize but that's not all I do. I also stay to work, to work on my portfolio because school is the only place with enough supplies, space, and peace that I need to work in. I can't bring 3 feet tall sculpture back home to work on, due to transportation of the sculpture and also I wouldn't have materials to work with. By limiting the time to 5:00 pm after school I can't work and it slows down my process on completing a piece (Which with normal after school working time can already take 2 weeks), sculptures are the main issue but paintings also because bits hard for me to focus at home. I have to have a working space and atmosphere to work productivity. I have found holes in the policy which allows me to stay longer, until my dad comes after work. However I am still being troubled by some of the administrators from time to time for staying after school and it greatly effects my work ethic and productivity.

Entry 22: Late Policy

I believe that the new late policy is one that wouldn't last long. This type of policy has been enforced before but it seems that the enforces never take it seriously themselves. They only want to use it as a way of intimidating the students at the school. The policy of locking people outside of school is completely ridiculous. We pay to come to school and if you are going to force us to leave for a day just because we are 1 minute late you better pay me back for that days cost of tuition. From what I've heard this policy was created only because of the behavior of few students in school and not many. So why would there be this policy that effects everyone? The school should just pick out the few bad behaving students and punish them and not trying to scare everyone else into being super punctual. If I was the boss I would not punish everyone for the actions of a few but to create a policy that would only punish those who are not punctual in a less drastic way. I would lock them out and send them home, because that would only result in more trouble, even law suits. I would give them detention. Detentions that would be related to punctuality and not just cleaning up the school because they can slack off while cleaning.

Entry 21: Helping the Reader

Every writer has his own purpose of writing whatever it is they are writing, poems, essays, novels, and even articles. With a purpose of writing a writer also has an audience that he wants to write to. The audience can be one or many, there is no limitation it all depends on the author. To write something that appeals to that audience it is usually better if it is written from a readers point of view or at least considered  from a readers point of view. If you only write from your own point of view other might not get it and if they don't then you run out of an audience. The audience is suppose to understand your writing and by writing it with a reader's point of view it only helps them to understand it better. Especially in a personal narrative the writer should write with a write or evaluate it from a reader's point of view. Making things more personal is making it more strange for the readers because their may be specific things that only you understand, like inside jokes. Evaluating the writing from a reader's point of view would help the writer find the flaws in the writing and to check if everything comes together smoothly as one piece of writing.

Entry 20: Effective Anecdotes

As I think back to my 9th grade art teacher I can't help but think of the first time I met him and the first impression I had of him. Carefully opening the door of the Art room I peeped my head in to make sure that I was in the right. I saw classmates that I have yet to know of chatting and sitting together and a middle aged man sitting in a chair that seemed 2 sizes too small for his butt. The roomed smelled of wet paint and rice paste, the table messy, and bags laying where ever people wanted. Then the teacher turned to me and said: "Oh look we have a new little boy in class, what is your name little boy?"
"Patrick Chen" I replied.

That is just a part of the anecdote and when I think of it the frame jumps from place to place and moves all around the room and even turns back to look at myself. The sounds I hear are of people chatting and objects being moved on the tables and ground. Chairs being dragged and people laughing.

Entry 19: The Hardest Part

It was years after I quit doodling and sketching in my note books and on my homework. My teachers found it unorthodox and my parents found it to be disrespectful to my teachers. I slowly shut down my creative side of mind and focus to try to squeeze as much out of my academic side as possible. I ignored all my instincts and forgot how much I loved to draw and to be creative. I guess that is why I loved poster projects so much because then I can manifest my creative skills.

Moving back to Taiwan and meeting my new art teacher seemed to be just the thing I needed for breaking open the wall I set up years ago, and finally revealing my creativity again. The art teacher unlike the one before acted as a guide instead of a slave driver. He didn't tell us exactly what to do but he guided us and gave advice set by set. Slowly I regained my interest in art and the creative track of life. I told my parents that I was going to be an art major. I wanted to express my self freely to escape a cage that I have built for myself. The teacher showed me the way through talking to me and giving me advice. When ever he sees me doing something wrong he would correct me and help me understand the reason behind the wrong and explain the right to me.

Entry 18: Your Attributes

I learn from my mistakes, am concerned for others, creative, dignifying, honest, humorous, positive, a team player, unique, immature, and at some times prejudice. Some of my qualities have been added or enhanced do to my influential person and some reduced or removed because of them. I was born left handed and as many people know left handed people are always more creative. However it wasn't only that which jogged my mind for a creative career. My influential person was the one who made me notice what I have forgotten about myself. I had hid my interests in art because of boring art classes and restricting rules back in my old school. I could never draw anything I wanted and felt that creativity was caged. When I attended  my first art class in PAS I felt awkward and didn't know what to do because compared to my old class it was so unrestricted. The teacher was there as a guider and not a over seer who makes sure you do everything right the way he wants it. I realized how much I loved art and inborn creativity started up its engines again. However creativity was not the only thing that was enhanced by this teacher. He helped me to open up to my classmates to interact more and to learn from my mistakes. To be honest in whatever I do or say and to think positive because at the end of the day everything works out one way or the other. I taught me to become more mature and more of my age and to not hold any prejudices against others who I see as being different.

Entry 17: Oral History

As the interview began I was nervous about asking the questions because I thought I would get minimum response, and that it would become awkward. Then as my partner gave me the type of response that I was hoping for I opened up and began asking more questions and the interview got easier. I started off with basic questions and led onto follow up questions that provided me with deeper knowledge of my subject. I learned from the interview that I myself had to take time to adapt and get comfortable to talk and open myself up. If I had more time to prepare for the oral history project I would have tried to get acquainted with my subject before the interview to make it more comfortable for me and him. If I had a choice of a subject I would probably choose someone who is a lot older than me because they are wiser and probably have more stories to tell. With more stories the history would be more intresting and more captavating. Oral history have great value as a source of information because they're a first handed source and intriguing information.

Entry 16: Emergency!

I have been in many types of emergencies before. From car crashes to forgetting to do homework, the word emergency means a lot of things for me.To be more specific I was once on a plane back to Taiwan with my family and after we got on the plane it was delayed for one and a half hour. No body knew why and as a kid I was annoyed and hungry. It was 8:00 when we got on the plane and we didn't have time to eat before the flight so I was starving. I couldn't hold it in any longer and began to cry for food. The flight attendants said they could serve dinner yet because the plane wasn't flying. My mother argued and pleaded with them until they have me a bun to eat and that satisfied me for a little while. We later found out that the plane was delayed for one and a half hours that their was a suspicion of a bomb having been carried on for planted in the plane. It was for me an emergency of hunger and for other the emergency of either getting the plane to fly or to get off and to a safe place. I have been in emergencies myself before but never anything big. I think that if I was in a big emergency by myself the fear would take over me and freeze up but only for a while. I would then stop and try to think it through and find a solution. I am usually quick on my feet and hopefully that would help me through an emergency by myself.

Entry 15: Dissapointment

When I get a topic to work on, I usually let it sit for a bit in my head and allow it to develop. I hardly ever write anything down on paper until I am completely done with the ideas in my head, during the process I would only draw the main ideas to help me think more. I find it better to allow an idea to sink in more and to take a longer time to think about it. It is because the longer you have a question in your head the more ideas develop. I also go online to search relating topics or images to get inspired. Once I get that “light” I begin to write and I don’t stop until I am done with it, same goes for my art works. I don’t like stopping in the middle of something because it ruins or slows down the thought process. When I really can’t think of any ideas I would try to distract myself from thinking about the subject and come back to it later with a refreshed mind. If it end up being a dead end and it is impossible for me to come up with my own idea I would look online for answers that I am searching for or ideas that other people have used. I don’t like doing that but sometimes that’s the only way. 

Entry 14: Your Influence

As Newton's third law states a action must have a equal reaction, it may be true for physical actions but not psychological actions. When someone is a influential person to another that doesn't mean the one being influenced is also influential. for example in my life I had a teacher who influenced me by helping me realized what I wanted to do in the future. However I didn't influence him on the decisions he made, and even if I did influence him it was on a smaller scale than that of his. Yet there are cases of equal or if not greater influences. During my first year of high school I enrolled into a new school in a different country. I met a senior who was always crazy and wild, running and shouting through the hall ways. She seemed to be happy all the time, and she guided me on my path of art. She inspired me to do things and also made my future seem even clearer. I also influenced her and she told me by the time she was leaving. She told me that I have made her a more happy person and more true to her own feelings. I was shocked knowing that a person like her could still be more happy or opened but she told me she was always hiding from the truth. I was shocked at finding that such an influential person like her could be influenced by me.

Entry 13: Influential Person

Before I moved back to Taiwan I had no idea what I was interested in and I had even less clue as to what my future is going to be. I was always the kind of person who followed whatever my friends did. What ever I was interested in was because someone else told me it was interesting and never because I found out myself. The only things that I found interesting myself were video games, but so was everyone else. I wanted to be unique but couldn't. However when I moved back to Taiwan a person changed the way I acted and helped me find my interests. That person was my art teacher. He was a very interesting person himself and always encouraging me no matter what I chose to do. In his class I learned to open up to people, to make more friends, to not be afraid of being different. To be different is to be unique and he was the one who opened it up for me. I found my interests in art, a path where I can express myself freely and openly. I no longer had to hold back the things I wanted to do.

Entry 11: Worms

When I have a bad day I usually keep silent and try to look on the brighter side of things or try to avoid thinking about the event. However if it was a really bad day I would get angry and it would show on my face, then I would let the anger out on other people around me. I try to play detective and find the reason why I am having such a bad day. Is it because of the things I did or because of other people, and how I can avoid letting it happen again. I don't try to escape from the problem, I face it and try to solve it. It isn't easy but I find it beneficial for myself. I like learning from my mistakes and therefore finding the reason is really important to me. I wouldn't try anything stupid that would end up harming myself. I also try to overload myself with work (any type of work), so that I get distracted from thinking too much. Also I find that talking about it to someone that you trust can also release the pressure.

Entry 10: Ivy or not Ivy? That is the question.

In my personal opinion Ivy league school still offer more advantages, but it only makes a difference if you are going take advantage of it or not.  I agree that it all depends on the student but I don't believe that people who get accepted into the same school would end up having the same pay check 20 years later. However ivy league schools do seems to be a selector, but one that has great resources. It may be true that the schools are only there to make sure you succeed but ivy league schools seem to be a better helper than state schools. The statistics that he mentioned in his speech didn't seem reliable to me because if you randomly pick two people who got accepted to the same ivy league school but one didn't go. They are not always going to end up making the same amount or around the same amount of money. Also a state school and its environment may also affect how a person studies and affect their success. So I am not completely disagreeing with his theory but I am saying that it has holes in it. 

Entry 9: Who me?

This person seems alright at first but once you get to know him you find flaws. He's lazy at times and very irresponsible for certain things in his life. He can be way too bossy and a push over at times and that really pisses me off. It really hard to work with him because he's always "busy" or he is just unwilling to do it with me. I am not sure but I think he hates me too and I hate him for that. He judges people way to quickly and gets annoyed very easily. He has a low tolerance level of any kind of annoyance or disturbance, however he can be very annoying himself sometimes. He can be very arrogant at times and humbles in other times which makes me feel as if he's faking it. Not sure why but it just seems to be a sense of hatred flowing in his direction from me. He lies from time to time and seems to view himself as being better than others. I really don't like people who lie and people who are unreliable.

Entry 8: Hate

There are certain things in this world that I just can't take, and this one person seems to hold a lot of those values. He's averaged height, dark hair, ugly face, and has a weird sense of fashion (think's he's a jock but looks like a nerd).  He is always blabbering about such random and annoying things. Humming and singing songs he can't sing, and thinking that he's good at it at the same time. He constantly finds flaws in others and never accepts the fact that he has a lot of flaws himself. He is so full of himself thinking that he's academically better than others. He has such low grades himself and he makes fun of others for having a B- in a math class. another thing is that he thinks he's popular when he really isn't. Thinking he's funny when he's really annoying. Everyone who meets him and gets to know him for a couple of weeks learn to avoid him. To avoid the presence of such person being alive and going to the same school. I just can't take that kind of egotistical and annoying person. The thing that pisses me off the most is that he knows he's annoying but just won't stop being annoying. He's a showy, braggy, little coward that are scared of people who have more potential or ability in any field. He takes no responsibility in anything he does and always finds a way to blame it on others. I HATE HIM!

Entry 7: Last Thoughts

As I lie here in my death bed, I can't help but reflect on my old life. What have I done? What have I accomplished? I couldn't help but smile that those sweet memories of my childhood and try hard to forget those that hurt. among the happy moment contain one that I am most proud of. The day I graduated from college and began on my journey of official adulthood. I may have been 18 along time before graduation but I didn't feel like an adult until l I graduated. I remember that day i went up on the elaborately decorated stage as they called my name. The dean looked at me and smiled passing into my hand the diploma. I smiled back and shook his hand while taking the diploma. My heart was pumping fast at first with excitement and then with a little bit of fear. What was I going to do? What if I don't get a job?However that didn't ruin my mood until a few days later. Now that I have talked about my proudest event I guess it time to reflect on the most shameful of them all. It was while I was in high school. My parents have came to school to visit the head of school and I sat in to listen. I can't remember specifically what my father said but I got angry and began to talk back at him and criticizing him. It wasn't until I was done did I realize what I have done in front of a total outsider. I walked out of the room not saying another word and scolded my self. It was so embarrassing and shameful that I tried so hard to forget but I couldn't forget. However I seems to me that i have lived a eventful live and that there is nothing left on my bucket list left, other than dying peacefully and without pain.

Entry 6: Innocent

My client has showed through his actions that he is a good global citizen. He is not the kind of person who would be selling illegally modified BB guns to children. The opposing side states that my client has bought, modified, and sold BB guns to children. However let me ask you this. For the people out there in the audience who has ever seen Patrick get involved in violent or disorderly behavior? No one? Just what I expected my client has shown to be a friendly and kind person, not the kind who would sell weapons to innocent children, children like himself. To add to that point my client has never owned a BB gun himself, and when his friends asked him to join them in a simulated "war" with BB guns my client rejected them say: " I don't want to hurt anyone." How can a person with such a pure heart and mind even be accused of doing such a thing? Your honor my opponent has no physical evidence of my client selling the guns other than a blurry video tape. In the video tape they accuse my client as being the hooded man with a big garbage bag full of illegally modified guns. However my client being a honest man that he is has clearly stated that at the time the video was being recorded he was at home, doing homework. Not playing black-ops not face booking, but doing homework. My client is such a studious, friendly, kind, and non-violent person, how can he be accused of such a thing. Your honor I urge you to not believe in my opposing side's lies and to believe in my client's innocence.

Entry 5: Shot Down in Flames

Judging from the applicant's resume and job interview, the conclusion is that he is unfit for the position. He has applied for designer and his resume shows that he is not that the level of experience needed. On the resume he handed us he seemed to do well in school but never had real experience. However it is not the only reason he is not being accepted. During his job interview he has shown us indecision which for a designer is bad because he will always rely on other people to make the final decision. Therefore he would have no ingenuity and his designs would always be similar to others if not in another person's perspective. also he was extremely nervous throughout the interview making me believe that he isn't confident. Being someone who is too represent our logo with his designs, he must be confident in what he is doing. He doesn't seem to express enough of his own style and we are looking for people who are unique but not weird. He may need more years of experience interning in other places before he can come back and apply for this job. This is the report on the applicant Patrick Chen.

Entry 4: Tables turned

I personally would look for more unique or interesting attributes of a person through their essay. I would see if they are creative, independent, mature, or determined. If a student doesn't have any of the attributes I would morel likely pick someone else who does, even if they have worse grades (as long as it's not by a lot). Grades aren't the most important things to be looking at, a person's individual way of thinking is very important as well. If a person was just to have good grades but is never good at anything else but studying what is he good for in the real world? The real world requires ingenuity only the ones who has a new or special point of view succeed in what they work for. If someone was to include pessimistic point of views in their essay I would put it to the side and maybe forget about it. I believe that pessimistic people don't just bring themselves down but also people around them, affecting the whole community. I would try to avoid pessimistic, selfish, and haughty people. The reason being that people with those attributes only bring about bad thing. Having a essay that shows such personalities just give a bad impression. It is better to get a good first impression than have to work your way up, because people may reject you before you have the chance to show them, to impress them.

Entry 3: No Big Thing

Version 1:
Just another day that school, first class AP 3d studio. I was pumped to work on my new project. The project was to create a clay sculpture. This type of sculpture has a tendency to crack and fall apart easily if not probably maintained. I was working on it with great progress and was at a satisfying stage near the end of the class. I covered it with damp paper towels to keep it from cracking and then I placed it into a plastic bag to keep it air tight. The next day I went to the art room during my study hall to work on it some more but as soon as i took it out of the plastic bag I saw that the sculpture has lost its original shape and seemed to have been eradicated. I quickly took off the paper towels and found that my sculpture has fell apart due to the weight on top. I was extremely disheartened but I wasn't going to give up. I spent the rest of the class fixing it and molding it back to the original structure I had. I was happy about it and once again put it back into the plastic bag. However that was not the end of it. On the third day I opened the bag again and found the sculpture cracked and eradicated again. I was devastated, speechless even, I couldn't believe that it continued to happen over and over again. I still didn't give up though, I stuck to it and in the end finally fixed it and it was strong. It didn't fall apart or crack, it maintained the original structure. From this I learned that with determination and patience anything can be accomplished no matter how hard the process may be. 

Version 2:
I was working on a clay sculpture for my AP 3d studio class. It continued to crack and fall apart but it was no big deal because I was use to it. I kept on fixing  it until it would no longer break. The process took time but it happens often so I didn't get frustrated at all.

First time for everything

I can clearly remember the time I faced a near death experience, I am sure that everyone would if they had one themselves. It was a during a spring vacation, I believe that I was 9 or 10 during the time. I didn't know how to swim and I have never learned how. However my parents and family friends decides to go to the hotel's pool to swim and play. It was a pretty nice looking pool, with long smooth wooden beach chairs on the side. I could clearly remember the faint smell of chlorine slowly raising out of the pool. The floor was slippery like the surface of a new slide. The whole room was bright and white, white other than the blue pool floored with colorful mosaic. I remember the older kids jumping into the water like it was nothing, as if the pool was 4 feet deep. I wanted to try too, but my mom pulled me back. I looked at her and took two flotation devices of the chair and fitted one on each of my arms. She then gently turned me around and allowed me to enter the pool. The moment I jumped in I felt a rush of cold water cover my body from head to toe. It was like being covered by snow with a thin layer of clothing on. I screamed. The air escaped my lungs and the flotation devices slipped off of my arms like butter. I was drowning. I tried to yell for help but I only felt a rush sharp cold water coming into my mouth and down my throat. The next think I could remember was a lasso on a stick plunging through the surface of the water and towards my body. I couldn't move even though I thought it was there to attack me. The lasso wrapped under one of my arms and on one side of my neck. I felt a tug and my body was being lifted to the surface of the pool. I open my eyes to feel a sharp stinging feeling like getting sand in your eyes, then my throat burned and I began to spit water out. The smell of chlorine filled my nose ten times stronger then when I just walked into the pool. My parents looked at me with a worried expressions on their faces. After this I took up swimming lessons and ended up liking to swim and even competed in swimming competitions. It took such a dramatic experience to help me build courage afterwards.

What happened to me

On the last summer day of being in shanghai before I move to Taiwan permanently, my friend for 11 years called my early in the morning. The irritating ring of the phone seem to have been amplified a hundred times, it may have been due to my grumpiness in the morning and also because I stayed up too late the day before playing with my friends. However I knew it was going to be call I had to pick up. As I slowly dragged my half asleep body out of   the blankets and off my bed the ring stopped. I looked up expecting to find the reason why and I heard form down the stairs "PATRICK ITS FOR YOU! ITS TEDDY". I rubbed my eyes and got up on my feet and started to walk toward the phone.
"Hey" I answered
"You free to come to my house?" said teddy cheerfully
"Yeah I think so. When?" I replied with a tired voice
"Great, ummmm, before noon so we can eat lunch?" he asked
"Ok, see you then" I said as I hanged up the phone and heard it click
I took a glance at the clock and it was already 10:25, no time to waste got to get out of the house soon if i want to make it to his house in time. I ran back into my room and got some clothes to change into, and then went straight to the bathroom to brush my teeth and take a quick shower. Then I ran back into my room to see what I needed to take with me. I grabbed what i needed and ran down the stair skipping steps on the way down to save time. With record breaking time i put on my shoes, tied the laces, and got my bike ready to go. As I walked out the door I yelled back into the house with all the air in my lungs making sure my parents would hear me "I AM GOING TO TEDDY'S HOUSE!". No reply. I didn't care and I slammed the door shut. Waiting impatiently for the elevator that was stuck on the third floor to come up I jumped up to reach the ceiling, feeling as if i have achieved something great every time I touched it. The elevator finally got up to my floor and as it opened a stench of rotten left overs and bathroom garbage filled the hall. I coughed and took a deep breath hoping that it would last for a decent of 17 floors. 15, 14,13,12...it numbers seemed to slow down and so did everything else around me, air was escaping my lungs. I closed my eyes and hear the elevator door open with a *ding* and I ran out of the elevator without my bike taking in fresh air. Then I turned back got my bike and went out the front door. I bike all the way to Teddy's house without stopping, not even at red lights. I got to his house just in time for lunch and by that time I was starving form the biking. I chatted with  his family and finished early so we could have more play time.
We decided to go to the sallow pool in his compound due to the heat, and we played catch with a football in the pool. We had lots of fun running around getting hurt here and there but nothing that big, or at least that is what we thought. As we walked out of the pool he noticed a trail of red fluid leading to were I stood. I first I screamed thinking that i have stepped on a small animal, but as I lifted my foot i screamed because there was a 1 cm by 3 cm open wound on my the bottom of my right foot. Crimson red colored blooded was seeping out of the wound like water out of a faucet. For some weird reason I didn't feel pain of any sort but both of us were freaking out and panicking. He ran to get tissue form the nearest bath room and I used it to wrap the wound. Both of use being optimistic thought it was just a normal wound, and no stitched were needed, and so I went on my second date of the day with another friend of mine, Anthony. We met at a mall 15 minutes away from Teddy's house for dinner and we hanged out all night until it was time for me to go home. I biked home and happily rode the now clean and sweet smelling elevator up to my floor. I opened the door and the first thing I said to my mom was "I stepped on something in the pool today, it made a pretty big wound and I was bleeding pretty bad, but it didn't hurt so I guess its OK. I am going to go take a shower". My mom stared at me and when I was in the shower i look at my wound with more detail and I still thought it was nothing. I showed my mom and she freaked out like Teddy and I did. She quickly got alcohol patches and began to rub them in to my wound. I scream like i have never screamed before and my sister called a taxi because my mom thought that I need to get stitches, which I thought was ridiculous. However we still went to the hospital, 11 at night in the ER, and the doctor looked at the wound and said "Yup definitely need stitches." My world seemed to fall around me piece by piece. The pain was what I was thinking about. The doctor pulled out a needle full of aesthetics and shoved it into my wound pulling it out and injecting it again in different areas to make sure i couldn't feel anything. However he didn't think about how painful the needles were, they were a lot of pain more than I could have imagined. Then he performed the stitched one by one I could feel the cold steel needles go in and out of my meat the thread following it. It was an excruciating experience and one I would no like to experience again.
From this I learned to be more cautious and to know when to stop and be serious about an injure, not waiting 7 hours after the injury first occurred.